INCIDENCE OF OVARIAN CYST IN POSTPARTUM DAIRY COWS IN THE WEST REGION OF SANTA CATARINA

Abstract

Milk production in Brazil has been gaining importance among small producers, especially in western Santa Catarina, where the activity is a significant source of income. The high food demand, driven by population growth, motivates the search for greater productivity, but also increases the incidence of metabolic and reproductive diseases, such as ovarian cysts. Ovarian cysts, divided into follicular and luteal, represent an important factor in infertility and lead to economic losses due to the prolongation of the interval between calvings, reduction in milk production and veterinary expenses. The follicular cyst, predominant among cases, is characterized by anovulatory follicles with a diameter greater than 17 mm, and most cows with this condition present anestrus or nymphomaniac behavior. This study was carried out on 56 properties in western Santa Catarina, evaluating 1132 cows from 9 municipalities, with a predominance of the Holstein breed. Portable ultrasounds were used for the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cysts. The incidence found was 7.60%, corroborating values ​​from previous studies. Several factors contribute to the appearance of cysts, such as nutritional imbalances, stress, and metabolic conditions in the postpartum period. Spontaneous recovery occurs in some cases, but hormonal treatment is considered the most effective option. The application of GnRH, followed by PGF2α, helps to restore fertility. The elimination of cows with a history of cysts, aiming to control hereditary factors, and the prophylactic use of GnRH are recommended practices to reduce the incidence of ovarian cysts. It is concluded that the incidence of ovarian cysts in the region is significant and that the adoption of preventive practices and appropriate treatments can reduce the economic impact caused by this reproductive condition.